Low imperforate anus associated with seminal vesicle cyst,posterior urethral valve,and lung hypoplasia

This report describes the association of a low imperforate anus with a seminal vesicle cyst, posterior urethral valve, and lung hypoplasia complicated by necrotizing enterocolitis and unilateral vesicoureteral reflux. The embryological basis, diagnosis, and management of these anomalies is reviewed.     

Angiographic and anatomical features of subvalvar left ventricular outflow obstruction in transposition of the great arteries

Left ventricular angiocardiograms were examined from a series of patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Forty-one patients with systolic pressure gradients of 15 mm Hg or more between the left ventricle and pulmonary artery were selected. Seventeen of these had the combination of a pressure gradient at subvalvar level and characteristic angiographic findings. In the anteroposterior projection, there was a persistent, irregular, linear radiolucency in the region of the mitral valve during systole. It was probably produced by the close apposition of the face of the closed mitral valve leaflets to an accentuated bulge of the interventricular septum. Two of the 17 patients subsequently died. Both hearts had endocardial fibrous thickening of the septum at the predicted site of apposition. It is suggested that in TGA the small afterload caused by a relatively low pulmonary vascular resistance may contribute to exaggerated left ventricular emptying, and that this favours mitral-septal apposition.     

猪脱细胞主动脉瓣叶不同方法预处理后种植内皮细胞的比较研究

目的:猪脱细胞主动脉瓣叶经不同的方法预处理后,种植新生牛主动脉内皮细胞(BAECs),观察细胞的增殖状态。方法:猪脱细胞主动脉瓣叶分别经纤维连接蛋白(Fn,50 μg/ml)预铺、胎牛血清(FCS)浸泡、无血清DMEM浸泡预处理12 h,采用间隔24 h、3次种植的方法种植 BAECs,于种植后第4天、第7天进行细胞计数,并行MTT法和~3H-TdR掺入量检测比较细胞的增殖状态。同时于第7天取瓣叶进行组织学检测,观察瓣叶表面内皮细胞覆盖情况。结果:种植后第4天和第7天,采用Fn预铺、FCS浸泡预处理的脱细胞瓣叶,其细胞计数、MTT的光密度和~3H-TdR掺入值明显高于无血清DMEM预处理组(P<0.01)。瓣叶经H-E染色,可见Fn预铺、FCS浸泡预处理组内皮细胞的覆盖情况优于无血清DMEM浸泡组。结论:Fn或FCS预处理能明显增加内皮细胞在脱细胞瓣叶表面的黏附和增殖,有利于组织工程心脏瓣膜的体外构建。     

人工机械瓣膜替换术后晚期感染性心内膜炎

瓣膜替换术做心脏瓣膜病变确切可行的治疗方法，已被广泛应用，术后并发症也随之而来，我院1990年1月到1994年8月共为123例病人行人工机械瓣膜替换，术后晚期（指术后二个月以后）发生感染心内膜炎5例，发生率为4．07％，现报告如下。     

Anesthesia systems. Part 1: Operating principles of fundamental components

This article is the first in a two-part series on the operation of principal components within Narkomed anesthesia systems. Part 1 illustrates the structure and function of various sections of the machine's internal piping, including components of the pneumatic circuit and the oxygen flush valve, and several safety features, such as the oxygen supply pressure alarm, oxygen failure protection device, and oxygen ratio monitor controller. The article progresses to other basic components of the anesthesia system. Topics include the function of the absorber unit and the flow of gas through it, the principle of operation of the positive end-expiratory pressure valve, the function and mechanics of the adjustable pressure limiter valve, and the open reservoir scavenger system. Part 1 is a valuable tool in understanding the function and pneumatics of the primary components of the anesthesia system.All figures are compliments of the Department of Education at North American Dräger, Telford, PA.     

Visualization of Mitral Valve Tunnel Aneurysm by Transesophageal Echocardiography

We report the echocardiographic findings in a patient with a mitral valve aneurysm, probably occurring as a complication of aortic valve endocarditis. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a tunnel-shaped aneurysm of the atrial side of the anterior mitral leaflet, expanding in systole and collapsing in diastole. Transesophageal echocardiography is a useful diagnostic tool for the evaluation of mitral valve pathology.     

法乐四联症肺动脉瓣缺如综合征的外科治疗

手术治疗６例法乐四联症肺动脉瓣缺如综合征。除１例伴左肺动脉缺如者于术后１天死亡外，余５例恢复良好，经随访手术效果满意，作者认为对儿童型无呼吸道症状者可在３－４岁纠治，对婴幼型伴严重呼吸道症状必须早期手术治疗。     

Left Ventricular Mass Regression After Implantation of St. Jude Medical Cardiac Valves in Small Aortic Roots

In this study, we analyzed the extent of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients who received small St. Jude Medical (SJM) aortic valves and compared the results with those of another group receiving larger valves. Eighty-eight patients received either 19 or 21 mm valves (Group 1, 25 patients) or either 23 or 25 mm valves (Group 2, 53 patients). Echocardiographic studies were done before the operation and 5 years postoperatively. At follow-up a significant reduction in the left ventricular mass was found for both patient groups (p < 0.0001). Doppler echocardiography derived pressure gradients for both groups were obtained during the follow-up period. As expected, the patients in Group 1 had higher peak pressure gradients than did those in Group 2. However, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups or any significant correlations between peak pressure gradients and body surface area (BSA). Actuarial survival was 84.7% at 15 years for Group 1 and 85.9% at 17 years for Group 2. Actuarial freedom from valve related events was 91.4 % at 15 years for Group 1 and 82.7% at 17 years for Group 2. There was no significant difference in survival or valve related event free curves between the 2 groups. After implantations of SJM valves in small aortic roots, significant left ventricular mass regression was obtained, and the results were comparable to those for valves of other sizes. The long-term performance of aortic valve replacement with small valves was satisfactory as judged by improvement in the functional class of patients and survival statistics, the durability of the prosthesis, and valve related morbidity comparable to that of valves of other sizes.     

Mid-Systolic closure of the aortic valve in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: A pressure-Related phenomenon induced by turbulent blood flow

The purpose of this study was to determine whether mid-systolic closure and opening of the aortic valve in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) may reflect dynamic changes of pressure induced by turbulent blood flow in the aorta and left ventricular outflow tract. Five patients with HOCM who had echocardiographic evidence of mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve and two patients with HOCM who did not have transient mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve were studied. In patients in whom mid-systolic closure was present, a transient mid-systolic drop of pressure was present in the left ventricular outflow tract, distal to the dynamic intraventricular obstruction, 17 ± 3 mm Hg (mean ± SEM) and in the root of the aorta, 16 ± 4 mm Hg. In these patients the mid-systolic drop of pressure was consistently associated with a high-intensity intracardiac murmur indicative of turbulence. In the two patients in whom mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve was absent, the transient mid-systolic drop of pressure during systole was minimal (average, 3 mm Hg). The transient mid-systolic drop of pressure distal to the intraventricular obstruction can be explained on the basis of decreased pressure energy of the blood due to turbulence. Since total energy is conserved, increased kinetic energy due to turbulence occurs at the expense of a loss in pressure energy. The transient mid-systolic reduction of pressure in the turbulent zone during systole may cause a pressure differential across the open valvular leaflets resulting in a transient closure of the aortic valve.     

Ileocaecal atresia

Meconium ileus is one of the commonest causes of distal small bowel obstruction in neonates. Within the last six years at our hospital two newborns presented with identical signs and symptoms of meconium ileus. Abdominal x-rays showed distal small bowel obstruction with ground glass opacity in the right lower quadrant. Gastrografin enema in both cases demonstrated a microcolon, but there was no reflux of this contrast material into the terminal ileum. Laparotomy in both babies revealed atresia of the ileocaecal valve with dilatation of the terminal ileum loops which contained normal meconium. Ileocolic resection was carried out in both neonates. Sweat chlorides and eventual recovery were normal. Pathology in one of the specimens showed muscularis passing across the atretic area with a telescoped pattern of the muscularis propria suggesting intussusception in utero. Although the presentation of a newborn may be that of meconium ileus, the fact that the Gastrografin enema is unable to enter the terminal ileum in a retrograde fashion should be an indication for immediate laparotomy rather than persisting in this mode of treatment. It is obvious that occasionally the radiological diagnosis of meconium ileus is incorrect.